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February 2003 ABOUT THE JOURNAL
Aims and Scope
Infection & Chemotherapy (Infect Chemother) is an international,
ppeer-reviewed, and open-access journal in
English, which publishes the current research on issues
posed by infectious diseases worldwide. This journal,
which is published quarterly (on the last day of March,
June, September, and December) in both print and online
(http://www.icjournal.org) versions, is the only official
publication of the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases
and Korean Society for Chemotherapy. It publishes
review articles, original articles, brief communications,
correspondences, case reports, editorials, and special
articles covering an extensive range of clinical descriptions
on infectious diseases, public health issues, microbiology
including emerging resistance, parasitology and
immunity to microbes, current and novel treatments,
and the promotion of optimal practices or guidelines for
diagnoses and treatments.
As the world continues to shrink as a result of globalization, it is necessary that appropriate communication is maintained among countries for timely sharing of information on infectious diseases. This is an important topic because such diseases tend to have unique biologic features according to the regions in which they develop, and these diseases can easily become niduses that may spread globally at any time. Based on these factors, the aim of this publication is to facilitate communication among societies and countries, enabling the worldwide sharing of information on infectious diseases. The scope of this journal is to link basic and clinical research in the field of infectious diseases, in reference to relevant evidence. The journal continuously attempts to publish current global and regional topics concerning infectious diseases and their diagnoses and managements to create awareness of related issues and link various developing and developed countries. Journal Details
Editor-in-Chief, Dong-Gun Lee
Editorial office
Infection & Chemotherapy #806, Seocho Town Trapalace 23 Seocho-daero 74-gil, Seocho-gu Seoul 06621, Korea Tel: +82-2-532-6003; Fax: +82-2-535-2494 E-mail: icjournal@icjournal.org Indexed in
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
PubMed PubMed Central SCOPUS CrossRef and DOI DOAJ EMBASE CAS Google Scholar CABI KoreaMed Synapse KoMCI ARTCLE TYPE SPECIFICATIONS
SUBMISSION
Please read these instructions carefully and follow them closely to ensure that the review and publication of your paper is as efficient and quick as possible. The Editors reserve the right to return manuscripts that are not in accordance with these instructions.
All material to be considered for publication in Infect Chemother should be submitted in electronic form via the journal’s online submission system at http://submit.icjournal.org.
Cover Letter
The cover letter must include the completed contact information [addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail] for the corresponding author. The letter should warrant that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript, contributed significantly to the work, and also that the manuscript has not been previously published nor is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Related Manuscripts
A copy should be included of any closely related manuscript submitted to or published in Infect Chemother or elsewhere, as noted in the journal’s Duplicate Publication Policy.
Permissions
Written permission should be obtained to adapt a part of or reprint an entire table, graph, or illustration that has been previously published. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from the copyright holder to use copyrighted material prior to submission, and are responsible for paying any associated fees.
EDITORIAL AND PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Infect Chemother reviews all manuscripts received. A manuscript is first reviewed for its format and then sent to the most relevant investigators available for review of the contents. The editor selects peer referees by recommendation of the Editorial Board members or from the Board's specialist database. In addition, if deemed necessary, a review of statistics may be requested. Authors' names and affiliations are removed during peer review, and also the authors realize that the identities of the reviewers are kept confidential.
Acceptance of the manuscript is decided based on the critiques and recommended decision of the referees. A referee may recommend “Accept without revision“, “Accept with minor revision“, “Major revision“, or “Reject“. If there is a marked discrepancy in the decisions between two referees or between the opinions of the author and referee (s), the Editor may send the manuscript to another referee for additional comments and a recommended decision. Three repeated decisions of “review again after revision“ are regarded as a “rejection“. Thereviewed manuscripts are returned back to the corresponding author with comments and recommended revisions. Names and decisions of the referees are masked. A final decision on acceptance for publication or rejection for publication is forwarded to the corresponding author from the Editorial Office.
The usual reasons for rejection are topics that are too specific and target an audience that is too limited, insufficient originality, serious scientific flaws, poor quality of illustrations, or absence of a message that might be important to readers. Rarity of a disease condition is itself not an acceptable justification for a case report. The peer review process takes usually four to eight weeks after the manuscript submission.
Revisions are usually requested to take account of criticisms and comments made by referees. The revised manuscript should be resubmitted via the web system. Failure to resubmit the revised manuscript within 2 months without any notice from the corresponding author is regarded as a withdrawal. The corresponding author must indicate clearly what alterations have been made in response to the referee's comments point by point. Acceptable reasons should be given for non-compliance with any recommendation of the referees.
ARTICLE TYPES
Review Article
Review articles are usually solicited by the Editor-inChief. Authors should contact the Editor-in-Chief in advance to determine the appropriateness of any proposed review.
Format guide:
Original Article
Report clinically relevant investigations or observations within Infect Chemother scope of interests.
Format guide:
Brief communication
Brief communications are short original research articles on issues important to medical researchers.
Format guide:
Correspondence
Letters to the Editor should respond to a recently published article in Infect Chemother or address an issue of interest to Infect Chemother readers. Replies will be published in the same issue as the letter, and are invited at the discretion of the Editor.
Format guide:
Case Report
Case reports should present unusual aspects of common problems or novel perspectives upon, or solutions to, clinically relevant issues.
Format guide:
Editorial
Editorials relate to articles published in Infect Chemother and are invited at the discretion of the Editor.
Format guide:
Special Article
Special articles are invited with an intention for special introduction of medical issues and any interesting information such as practice guideline.
Format guide:
Consult the editorial office when reference additions are required.
MANUSCRIPT FORMAT AND STRUCTURE
Please refer to a recent issue of Infect Chemother for guidance on style and layout of articles. Also refer to the Article type section for guidance on relevant information for each article type.
File Formats
The preferred format for submitting manuscripts online is Microsoft Word (.doc files). PDF files are not acceptable for submission.
File Contents
Manuscript submissions are preferred as a single file, except for figures, which can be uploaded separately. You must also submit a cover letter in a second file, in the same format as your main file.
Manuscript Preparation
Manuscripts should be double-spaced throughout, including the references and the table and figure legends. All pages, except for the figures, should be numbered in the lower right-hand corner of the page, with the title page as page 1. All line numbers should be written in Arabic numerals continuously from the beginning in the abstract. The recommended layout is as follows: title page, abstract, text, acknowledgments, references, tables, figure legends.
The manuscript should be prepared according to the "ICMJE Recommendations for the Conducts, Reporting, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals" (2016) (http://www.icmje.org). In addition to the ICMJE recommendation, a number of reporting guidelines have been developed by groups of experts to facilitate reporting of research studies or clinical trials (http://www.equator-network.org/library/). For reporting of randomized controlled trials, Infect Chemother requires compliance with the statement of CONSORT (http://www.consort-statement.org/) and the ICMJE Statement on Data Sharing (http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration).
Title Page
All manuscripts, including Correspondence, should have a title page that includes the following information:
Title should be concise and precise. Title should provide a reasonable indication of the contents of paper. Avoid the main title/subtitle arrangement, complete sentences, and unnecessary article. Any changes of address may be given next to the Affiliations or in the Acknowledgments. Any deletions or additions to the author list after submission of the paper must be submitted in writing, and signed by all authors.Abstract
The second file of the manuscript should contain the Abstract. Please refer to the Article Type for Abstract formats. The Abstract should be comprehensible to readers before they have read the paper and should not contain reference citations.
Original article abstract must be organized and formatted according to the following headings: (1) Background; (2) Materials and Methods; (3) Results; and (4) Conclusion.
It is not necessary to have a fully structured abstract for Review article, Brief communications, Case reports, and Special article.
Key words
Up to five key words should be listed at the end of the abstract to be used as index terms. For the selection of key words, refer to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html.
Text
Authors are encouraged to follow the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. They should strive for a concise article without excessive detail (word limits are specified under Categories of Articles. All but the shortest articles should have subheadings.
Funding
Details of all funding sources for the work in question should be given in a separate section entitled “Funding.” This should appear before the “Acknowledgment” section. The following rules should be followed:
Acknowledgement
Personal acknowledgment should precede those of institutions of agencies. Any substantial assistance in preparing the manuscript—for example, in data retrieval or statistical analysis—other than by an author should be stated.
Please note that acknowledgment of funding bodies and declarations regarding conflicts of interest should be given in separate Funding and Conflicts of Interest sections, respectively. References
Names of journals are abbreviated according to the List of Journals Indexed for Medline. Titles of journals not listed in Medline should be spelled out in full. References should be numbered consecutively as they appear in the text, with the numbers in brackets on the text line (e.g., [3, 7–9, 57]). Reference to a doctoral dissertation should include the author, title, institution, location, year, and publication information, if published. For online resources, a URL and date accessed should be included. Accuracy of references is the responsibility of the authors.
The citation of journals, books, multi-author books, and articles published online should conform to the following examples: Journals
Books
Website
Tables
All tables should be on separate pages and accompanied by a title, and footnotes where necessary. The tables should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals. Units in which results are expressed should be given in parentheses at the top of each column and not repeated in each line of the table. Ditto signs are not used. Avoid overcrowding the tables and excessive words. The format of tables should be in keeping with that normally used by the journal; in particular, vertical lines, colored texts, and shading should not be used. Be certain that the data given in tables are correct.
In a footnote to the table, all abbreviations used should be defined, unless otherwise defined in the text, excluding units of measure. Footnotes and accompanying explanatory material should be kept to a minimum. Footnotes should be placed below the table and designated by superscript lowercase letters (listed in order of location when the table is read horizontally). Each column must have a heading describing the data below, and units of measure must be clearly indicated for all data. Figure Legends
These should be on a separate, numbered manuscript sheet. Define all symbols and abbreviations used in the figure. Figures and legends should be intelligible without reading the text of the manuscript.
MANUSCRIPT DETAILS
Nomenclature
Infect Chemother attempts to use the latest widely accepted nomenclature. See Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed., revised, Williams & Wilkins, 1994) and Enzyme Nomenclature: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes (Academic Press, 1992). Formal terms for virus families, genera, and species should be those approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; see Virus Taxonomy— The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Academic Press, 2000). This volume also includes standard abbreviations for virus species. For names and abbreviations of chemical compounds, refer to the Merck Index (13th ed., Merck, 2001). The Editors appreciate the assistance of authors and readers who inform them of changes in nomenclature.
Human Genetic Nomenclature and Notation
For human genes, use genetic notation and symbols approved by the Human Gene Mapping Workshop (see Wain HM, Bruford EA, Lovering RC, Lush MJ, Wright MW, Povey S. Guidelines for human gene nomenclature. Genomics 2002; 79:464-70). Human gene names and loci should be written in italicized capital letters and Arabic numerals. Human protein product names are not italicized. For human mutation nomenclature, see Antonarakis et al. (Recommendations for a nomenclature system for human gene mutations. Hum Mutat 1998; 11:1-3).
Human Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
For human genes, newly described SNPs should be submitted to an appropriate database, such as dbSNP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/), prior to submission of the revised manuscript. The identification numbers of previously recognized SNPs (rs numbers) or recently submitted SNPs (ss numbers) should be provided in the manuscript, if the number of SNPs is small, or submitted as supplemental online material, if the number is large.
Statistical analysis
The statistical analyses used should be identified both in the text and in all tables and figures where the results of statistical comparison are shown.
Units of measurement
The use of SI units is encouraged. All data should be expressed in metric units. Temperature should be expressed in degrees Celsius.
Abbreviations
Non-standard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. They should be defined at the first occurrence and introduced only where multiple use is made.
Drugs and pharmaceutical agents. Should an author decide to abbreviate the names of antimicrobial agents in a manuscript, the following standard abbreviations are strongly recommended. Please check the website (http://www.ksac.or.kr/medical/sub05.html) for more details, and refer to the previous version of the website for abbreviations that are not included in the third version. (i) Antibacterial agents. Use the indicated abbreviations for the following antibacterial agents.
(ii) Antifungal agents. Use the indicated abbreviations for the following antifungal agents.
(iii) Antiviral agents. Use the indicated abbreviations for the following antiviral agents.
(iv) Others. Use the indicated abbreviations for the following others.
JOURNAL COPYEDITING STYLE
Authors are referred to the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th ed., Oxford University Press, 2007) and the Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed., University of Chicago Press, 2010). For commercially obtained products mentioned in the text, the full names of manufacturers should be listed. Generic names of drugs and other chemical compounds should be used.
FIGURES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures should also be numbered in the order of mention in the text and should appear at the end of the manuscript and references. Figures will not be relettered by the publisher. The journal reserves the right to reduce the size of illustrative material.
Formatting
Multipart figures should be submitted as a single file, with panels labeled within the image, rather than as multiple files. Letters, numbers, and symbols should be clear and of sufficient size to be legible when the figures are reduced. Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. If the manuscript is accepted, the author will be required tosupply high resolution figure files for production.
Save figure files in TIFF or EPS format, using CMYK colors, with fonts embedded. When creating figures, please make sure any embedded text is large enough to read. If figures contain miniscule characters such as numbers on a chart or graph, they will most likely be illegible in the final version.
For useful information on preparing your figures for publication, go to http://cpc.cadmus.com/da.
Halftone Illustrations, Photographs
Any photomicrogaphs, electron micrographs, or radiographs must be of high quality with respect to detail, contrast, and fineness of grain to withstand the inevitable loss of contrast and detail inherent in the printing process. Wherever possible, photographs should fit within the print area or within a column width. Photomicrographs should provide details of staining technique and a scale bar. Patients shown in photographs should have their identity concealed or should have given their written consent to publication. Please indicate the magnification by a bar on the photograph. Minimum resolutions are 300 d.p.i for color or tone images.
Line Drawings
All line drawings should have clear and sharp lines. No additional artwork, redrawing, or typesetting will be done. Therefore, all labeling should be done on the original line drawing. Faint shading and stippling could be lost upon reproduction and should be avoided. Line drawings must have a resolution of at least 600 d.p.i. at their final size.
Color Illustrations
Authors are required to pay the full cost of reproduction of color figures. For details see Infect Chemother charges. If you require color reproduction of figures in the print journal you will be asked to approve the cost. An invoice will be issued at the time of publication.
Infect Chemother also offers free reproduction of color figures in the online version (figures in the print version will appear in black and white). Figure captions must be suitable worded to apply to both the print and online versions of the article.
HOW TO SUBMIT
Online Submission
We only accept manuscript submission via our online manuscript submission system (http://submit.icjournal.org). Before submitting a manuscript, authors are encouraged to consult both our Editorial Policies and the Manuscript Preparation Instruction for our online manuscript submission system. If you have not already done so, please register for an account with our online manuscript system. You will be able to monitor the status of your manuscript online throughout the editorial process.
Submission of Revisions
Authors submitting a revised manuscript after review are asked to include the following:
AUTHOR'S MANUSCRIPT CHECKLIST
Original article
COST
Submission Charge
No charge for all kinds of manuscripts submitted to our online system.
English Editing
Papers that will be published since 2014 must go through an English editing process, and for those that do not undergo the editing process will undergo the editing process after permission is granted for publication. The fees will be charged to the author.
Page Charge
The following applies to papers published since the 1st issue of 2014:
COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION LICENSE
It is a condition of publication in Infect Chemother that the authors grant an exclusive license to the journal’s sponsoring society, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy. They also follow the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License available from: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. For any commercial use of material from the open access version of the journal, permission must be obtained from the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and Korean Society for Chemotherapy. This ensures that all of the necessary rights needed for publication of the article are in place including provision for any requests from third parties to reproduce the content to be as widely disseminated as possible. No article will be published unless the signed license has been received at Infect Chemother. On acceptance of your article for publication, the license form should be returned immediately by fax or by sending a scanned PDF copy, and the original must be posted as soon as possible. Faxing a copy of the form when requested will assist in the rapid publication of your article but the Original form should also be returned. Any queries about the license form should be sent as soon as possible to Rights and permissions so that any issues can be resolved quickly and to avoid any delay in publication.
Work submitted for publication must be original, previously unpublished, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. If previously published figures, tables, or parts of text are to be included, the copyright-holder’s permission must have been obtained prior to submission.
Please see Copyright Transfer Form.
PROOFS
Authors are sent page proofs by e-mail. To avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately and corrections, as well as answers to any queries, returned to the publishers as an annotated PDF via email or fax within 2 working days. Further details are supplied with the proof. It is the author’s responsibility to check proofs thoroughly.
Excessive alterations in the proof stage may delay publication of the article to a subsequent issue. Authors who make extensive amendments to the text at the pageproof stage will be charged an additional fee.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Research Ethics
All of the manuscripts should be prepared in strict observation of research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by the Council of Science Editors, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, World Association of Medical Editors, and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. Any study including human subjects or human data must be reviewed and approved by a responsible institutional review board (IRB). Please refer to the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki (http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm) for all investigations involving human materials. Animal experiments also should be reviewed by an appropriate committee (IACUC) for the care and use of animals. Also studies with pathogens requiring a high degree of biosafety should pass review of a relevant committee (IBC). The editor of Infect Chemother may request submission of copies of informed consents from human subjects in clinical studies or IRB approval documents.
Conflicts of Interest
The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the Editor of the authors’ potential conflicts of interest possibly influencing their interpretation of data. A potentialconflict of interest should be disclosed in the cover letter even when the authors are confident that their judgments have not been influenced in preparing the manuscript. Such conflicts may be financial support or private connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, or academic problems. Disclosure form shall be same with ICMJE Uniform Disclosure Form for Potential Conflicts of Interest (http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf). The Editor will decide whether the information on the conflict should be included in the published paper. Before publishing such information, the Editor will consult with the corresponding author. In particular, all sources of funding for a study should be explicitly stated. The Infect Chemother asks referees to let its Editor know of any conflict of interest before reviewing a particular manuscript.
Authorship
The Infect Chemother follows the recommendations for authorship by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, http://www.icmje.org) and Good Publication Practice Guidelines for Medical Journals 2nd Edition (KAMJE, 2013, http://kamje.or.kr/data/guide(2).pdf). Authorship credit should be based on 1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; 2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; 3) Final approval of the version to be published; and 4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All those designated as authors should meet all four criteria for authorship, and all who meet the four criteria should be identified as authors.
When a large, multicenter group has conducted the work, the group should identify the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript. When submitting a manuscript authored by a group, the corresponding author should clearly indicate the preferred citation and identify all individual authors as well as the group name. Journals generally list other members of the group in the Acknowledgments. Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group alone does not constitute authorship.
Correspondence with the Journal
One author is designated the contact author for matters arising from the manuscript (materials requests, technical comments and so on). It is this author's responsibility to inform all co-authors of matters arising and to ensure such matters are dealt with promptly. Before submission, the corresponding author ensures that all authors are included in the author list, its order agreed upon by all authors, and are aware that the manuscript was submitted. After acceptance for publication, proofs are e-mailed to this corresponding author who should circulate the proof to all co-authors and coordinate corrections among them.
Correction and Retraction Process
Content published as Advance Online Publication (AOP) is final and cannot be amended. The online and print versions are both part of the published record hence the original version must be preserved and changes to the paper should be made as a formal correction. If an error is noticed in an AOP article, a correction should accompany the article when it publishes in print. An HTML (or full-text) version of the correction will also be created and linked to the original article. If the error is found in an article after print publication the correction will be published online and in the next available print issue.
Please note the following categories of corrections to print and online versions of peer reviewed content:
Redundant Publication and Plagiarism
Redundant publication is defined as “reporting (publishing or attempting to publish) substantially the same work more than once, without attribution of the original source(s)”. Characteristics of reports that are substantially similar include the following: (a) “at least one of the authors must be common to all reports (if there are no common authors, it is more likely plagiarism than redundant publication),” (b) “the subject or study populations are often the same or similar,” (c) “the methodology is typically identical or nearly so,” and (d) “the results and their interpretation generally vary little, if at all.”
When submitting a manuscript, authors should include a letter informing the editor of any potential overlap with other already published material or material being evaluated for publication and should also state how the manuscript submitted to Infect Chemother differs substantially from this other material. If all or part of your patient population was previously reported, this should be mentioned in the Materials and Methods, with citation of the appropriate reference(s).
Infect Chemother use CrossCheck, a plagiarism detection software tool, to identify instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. CrossCheck is a multi-publisher initiative to screen published and submitted content for originality. To find out more about CrossCheck visit www.crossref.org/crosscheck.html.
If a case of plagiarism comes to light after a paper is published, the Journal will conduct a preliminary investigation, utilising the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics. If plagiarism is proven, the Journal will contact the author's institute and funding agencies as appropriate. The paper containing the plagiarism may also be formally retracted or subject to correction.
Obligation to Register Clinical Trial
Clinical trial defined as “any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention and comparison groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome” should be registered to the primary registry to be prior publication. Infect Chemother accepts the registration in any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Portal (see http://www.who.int/ictrp/about/details/en/index.html) as well as www.actr.org.au, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.ISRCTN.org, www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index/htm and www.trialregister.nl. The clinical trial registration number shall be published at the end of the abstract.
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Instructions for Authors